Balanced Immigration Reform

← Back

📋 Summary

First this law creates a new type of visa for immigrants who have been in the country for over 5 years with no criminal activity. These visas do NOT provide a path to citizenship, but the do guarantee that the individual can remain in the country to work, live, and study without fear of deportation. The only condition is that the visa is revoked upon a violent felony conviction. Second, this law requires that employers validate that all workers, including contractors, are allowed to work via e-verify (e-verify.gov). Violations carry a fine.

💡 Motivation

We desperately need to reform our immigration system. It's not sustainable to have people in our country who are technically not legally allowed to be here. It's also critical to embrace the fact that the US is a nation of immigrants and that has always benefited from them. Today, more than ever, our aging demographics requires that we allow more legal immigration to sustain our economy and grow our innovation. We believe that a compromise can be found in that most immigrants with illegal status in the US would prefer to have legal status even if it does not include a path the citizenship. We believe that they want to live and work in the US for the benefit of their children; even if they do not ever become citizens. This balanced approach, by denying a path to citizenship, is not hurting those who have applied through the standard process; it is not amnesty. Yet it allows those who are already here, and have no criminal record, to stay without fear and intimidation. By requiring employers to verify work eligibility for all employees, we dramatically decrease the motivation to enter the country illegally going forward.

📜 Law Outline

Establishes a new visa with the following features:
Permanent right to live, work, study, and retire in the USA
No path to a green card or US citizenship
Revokable ONLY if convicted of a violent felony
Offered only to immigrants who have been living in the USA for over 5 years and have never been convicted of a felony
Visa holders must pay all taxes including medicare, social security, and income and are elgible to receive Medicare and Social Security benefits to the degree that they've contributed
Requires all employers use the e-Verify system to ensure work eligibility of all workers.
'Workers' include all direct employees, part or full time, contract employees, and sub-contractors.
Violations will be fined $50,000 per detected worker for any given 12-month period
💬 Comments (0)

No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts!

📋 Analysis Summary

The Balanced Immigration Reform Act would create a renewable Long-Term Resident Visa for unauthorized immigrants present 5+ years with clean records, providing work authorization and Social Security/Medicare eligibility but no citizenship path, while mandating E-Verify for all employers. Based on CBO analysis of similar proposals, the reform would reduce federal deficits by approximately $400 billion over 10 years through increased tax revenues, though costs accelerate in the second decade as beneficiaries reach retirement age. The policy would modestly reduce wages for low-skilled native workers while benefiting middle and upper-income households through economic growth, with the largest gains accruing to the legalized immigrants themselves who would see 14-24% wage increases.

📃 Analysis Detail

Existing Policy

The current U.S. immigration system operates under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), which establishes various visa categories and pathways to legal status. The unauthorized immigrant population in the United States reached 14 million as of July 2023, though estimates vary. A 2024 DHS report found that 79% of unauthorized immigrants have resided in the United States since before 2010, indicating a largely settled population.

Currently, unauthorized immigrants face deportation risk and cannot legally work, though they paid $25.7 billion in Social Security taxes, $6.4 billion in Medicare taxes, and $1.8 billion in unemployment insurance taxes in 2022 despite being ineligible for most benefits. The existing E-Verify system is voluntary for most employers, though several states require E-Verify for all or most businesses.

Proposed Changes

This legislation would make three major changes: (1) Creation of a Long-Term Resident Visa for individuals continuously present 5+ years with no felony convictions, providing 10-year renewable work authorization with no path to citizenship; (2) Granting Social Security and Medicare eligibility to visa holders based on tax contributions; (3) Mandatory E-Verify for all employers with $50,000 per worker fines for violations.

Arguments For and Against

For: CBO analysis found that immigration increases lower deficits by $0.9 trillion over 10 years, with similar comprehensive reform (S.744) reducing deficits by $197 billion in the first decade and $700 billion in the second. Immigration boosts GDP by $8.9 trillion over 10 years. Legalization increases wages 10-12% for formerly unauthorized workers, boosting tax revenues. Mandatory E-Verify would reduce future unauthorized immigration. The proposal provides humanitarian relief while avoiding "amnesty" concerns through the no-citizenship provision.

Against: Research finds negative wage impacts concentrated on prior immigrants and native-born high school dropouts, with some studies showing 4-7% wage reductions for low-skilled workers. While unauthorized immigrants currently contribute without receiving benefits, granting benefit eligibility could cost $1.3 trillion in present value for Social Security and Medicare. Mandatory E-Verify would cost private employers $600 million over three years, with small businesses facing $2.6 billion annually. State and local governments face net negative fiscal impacts as costs exceed tax revenues collected.

Constitutional Considerations

The proposal appears constitutionally sound under Congress's plenary immigration power (Article I, Section 8). The 5-year residency requirement and felony exclusion satisfy rational basis review. Due process is protected through application procedures and hearing rights before visa revocation. The employer mandate is a valid exercise of commerce power. The most vulnerable provision is the mandatory E-Verify requirement with steep penalties, which could face challenges as overly burdensome, though courts have generally upheld similar employment verification requirements.

Fiscal Impact

Based on CBO analysis of similar proposals: Revenue increases include $800-900 billion from increased income and payroll taxes, plus $15-20 billion in fees. Spending increases include $150-200 billion for Social Security, $100-150 billion for Medicare, $80-100 billion for refundable tax credits, and $7-13 billion for administration and enforcement. Net 10-year impact: approximately $350-450 billion in deficit reduction. The first decade shows net deficit reduction because most beneficiaries won't reach retirement age, but costs accelerate in the second decade.

Equity Impact

Distributional impacts vary significantly by income group. The bottom 20% of households face modest wage pressure from increased labor supply in low-skill sectors, with research showing immigrants depress wages at the bottom quintile. Middle-income households see mixed to slightly positive effects from economic growth and complementarity. Upper-income households benefit substantially from economic expansion, business ownership advantages, and returns to capital. The legalized immigrants themselves experience the largest per-capita gains, with wage increases of 14-24% upon gaining legal status. Overall, the policy modestly increases income inequality among native-born workers while dramatically improving outcomes for the legalized population.

💰 Debt Impact Lowers debt: -$3K/family

This proposal will decrease the USA's debt by $400 billion over 10 years. This is equivalent to decreasing the debt by $3,053 per American household.

⚖️ Equity Impact Worsens equity: +0.2%
Income Group Annual Impact per Household
Bottom 20%
<$30K
-$225
(-1.2%)
20-40%
<$59K
-$100
(-0.2%)
40-60%
<$95K
+$100
(+0.1%)
60-80%
<$160K
+$300
(+0.3%)
80-100%
>$160K
+$750
(+0.3%)
Top 1%
>$590K
+$5,500
(+0.3%)
Top 0.1%
>$2.4M
+$27,500
(+0.3%)
📜 Congressional Bill
119th CONGRESS 1st Session H.R. ___ To establish a new visa category for certain long-term residents, to require employment verification for all workers, and for other purposes. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the "Balanced Immigration Reform Act of 2025". SECTION 2. FINDINGS. Congress finds the following: (1) The United States immigration system requires comprehensive reform to address the status of millions of individuals currently residing in the United States without legal authorization. (2) The United States has historically benefited from immigration and continues to rely on immigrant contributions to sustain economic growth, innovation, and address demographic challenges posed by an aging population. (3) Many individuals who have resided in the United States for extended periods without legal status have established roots in their communities, raised families, and contributed to the economy through their labor and tax payments. (4) Providing a pathway to legal status that does not include citizenship offers a balanced approach that recognizes these contributions while maintaining the integrity of existing immigration processes. (5) Mandatory employment verification for all workers will significantly reduce the incentive for future unauthorized immigration by eliminating opportunities for unauthorized employment. (6) A comprehensive approach that combines legal status for qualifying long-term residents with robust employment verification serves both humanitarian and enforcement objectives. SECTION 3. DEFINITIONS. In this Act: (1) LONG-TERM RESIDENT VISA.--The term "Long-Term Resident Visa" means the nonimmigrant visa established under section 4 of this Act. (2) SECRETARY.--The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Homeland Security. (3) VIOLENT FELONY.--The term "violent felony" means any felony that-- (A) has as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person of another; or (B) is murder, voluntary manslaughter, rape, sexual abuse, kidnapping, robbery, aggravated assault, or arson. SECTION 4. ESTABLISHMENT OF LONG-TERM RESIDENT VISA CATEGORY. (a) In General.--Section 101(a)(15) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)) is amended-- (1) by striking "or" at the end of subparagraph (V); (2) by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (W) and inserting "; or"; and (3) by adding at the end the following: "(X) an alien who-- "(i) has been continuously physically present in the United States for a period of not less than 5 years immediately preceding the date of application for such status; "(ii) has never been convicted of any felony under Federal or State law; "(iii) is not inadmissible under section 212(a)(3) (relating to security and related grounds); "(iv) registers under this subparagraph and is granted a Long-Term Resident Visa by the Secretary of Homeland Security; and "(v) is in compliance with the requirements of this subparagraph.". (b) Terms and Conditions of Long-Term Resident Visa.-- (1) DURATION AND RENEWAL.--A Long-Term Resident Visa issued under section 101(a)(15)(X) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as added by subsection (a), shall-- (A) be valid for a period of 10 years; (B) be renewable for successive 10-year periods upon application by the visa holder, provided the visa holder continues to meet the requirements of this section; and (C) authorize the visa holder to reside permanently in the United States, to work in the United States, to study at any educational institution in the United States, and to travel freely into and out of the United States. (2) EMPLOYMENT AUTHORIZATION.--A Long-Term Resident Visa holder shall be authorized to engage in any lawful employment in the United States and shall be issued an employment authorization document by the Secretary. (3) TAX OBLIGATIONS AND BENEFIT ELIGIBILITY.-- (A) TAX OBLIGATIONS.--A Long-Term Resident Visa holder shall be subject to all applicable Federal, State, and local taxes, including taxes under the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (26 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.) for Social Security and Medicare. (B) SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a Long-Term Resident Visa holder who has paid taxes under the Federal Insurance Contributions Act shall be eligible to receive old-age, survivors, and disability insurance benefits under title II of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.) to the same extent as any other individual who has paid such taxes, based on quarters of coverage earned while holding such visa. (C) MEDICARE BENEFITS.--Notwithstanding section 1611 of title 8, United States Code, a Long-Term Resident Visa holder who meets the requirements of section 226 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 426) shall be eligible for benefits under title XVIII of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.) to the same extent as any other individual who meets such requirements. (4) NO PATH TO CITIZENSHIP.-- (A) PROHIBITION.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a Long-Term Resident Visa issued under section 101(a)(15)(X) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as added by subsection (a), shall not-- (i) constitute lawful permanent residence for purposes of naturalization under section 316 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1427); (ii) provide a basis for adjustment of status to that of an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence under section 245 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1255); or (iii) be counted toward any residence or physical presence requirement for naturalization. (B) CLARIFICATION.--Nothing in this paragraph shall prohibit a Long-Term Resident Visa holder from applying for lawful permanent residence or citizenship through any other provision of law for which the individual is independently eligible. (5) REVOCATION.-- (A) MANDATORY REVOCATION.--The Secretary shall revoke a Long-Term Resident Visa if the visa holder is convicted of a violent felony as defined in section 3 of this Act. (B) EFFECT OF REVOCATION.--Upon revocation of a Long-Term Resident Visa under subparagraph (A), the individual shall be subject to removal proceedings under section 240 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1229a). (C) NO OTHER GROUNDS FOR REVOCATION.--Except as provided in subparagraph (A), a Long-Term Resident Visa may not be revoked for any reason, including commission of crimes other than violent felonies. (c) Application Process.-- (1) APPLICATION PERIOD.--The Secretary shall establish an application period of not less than 18 months, beginning not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, during which eligible aliens may apply for a Long-Term Resident Visa. (2) APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS.--An application for a Long-Term Resident Visa shall include-- (A) evidence demonstrating continuous physical presence in the United States for not less than 5 years immediately preceding the date of application; (B) evidence demonstrating that the applicant has never been convicted of any felony under Federal or State law; (C) biometric data, including fingerprints and photographs; (D) payment of all applicable fees established by the Secretary; and (E) such other information as the Secretary may require. (3) BACKGROUND CHECKS.--The Secretary shall conduct comprehensive background checks, including criminal history and national security checks, for each applicant. (4) FEES.-- (A) INITIAL APPLICATION FEE.--The Secretary shall establish a fee for initial applications for a Long-Term Resident Visa in an amount not to exceed $1,000. (B) RENEWAL FEE.--The Secretary shall establish a fee for renewal applications in an amount not to exceed $500. (C) USE OF FEES.--Fees collected under this paragraph shall be deposited in the Immigration Examinations Fee Account established under section 286(m) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1356(m)) and shall be used to cover the costs of administering the Long-Term Resident Visa program. (d) Protection From Removal During Application Process.--An alien who files an application for a Long-Term Resident Visa during the application period established under subsection (c)(1) shall not be removed from the United States on the basis of the alien's immigration status while the application is pending, unless the alien is convicted of a violent felony. (e) Regulations.--Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall promulgate regulations to implement this section, including regulations establishing-- (1) standards for demonstrating continuous physical presence in the United States; (2) types of evidence acceptable to demonstrate eligibility; (3) procedures for adjudicating applications; and (4) procedures for issuing, renewing, and revoking Long-Term Resident Visas. SECTION 5. MANDATORY EMPLOYMENT VERIFICATION. (a) Mandatory Use of E-Verify.--Section 274A of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1324a) is amended by adding at the end the following: "(i) Mandatory Employment Verification for All Employers.-- "(1) IN GENERAL.--Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, every person or other entity that hires, recruits, or refers for a fee an individual for employment in the United States shall use the employment eligibility verification system established under subsection (d) (commonly known as 'E-Verify') to verify the identity and employment authorization of each individual hired, recruited, or referred, including-- "(A) all employees, whether employed on a full-time, part-time, or temporary basis; "(B) all independent contractors who are natural persons; and "(C) all workers provided by subcontractors, labor contractors, or staffing agencies. "(2) TIMING OF VERIFICATION.--The verification required under paragraph (1) shall be completed not later than 3 business days after the date on which the individual begins work for pay. "(3) IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE.-- "(A) LARGE EMPLOYERS.--Employers with 500 or more employees shall comply with the requirements of this subsection beginning on the date that is 6 months after the date of enactment of the Balanced Immigration Reform Act of 2025. "(B) MEDIUM EMPLOYERS.--Employers with 100 or more employees but fewer than 500 employees shall comply with the requirements of this subsection beginning on the date that is 12 months after the date of enactment of the Balanced Immigration Reform Act of 2025. "(C) SMALL EMPLOYERS.--Employers with fewer than 100 employees shall comply with the requirements of this subsection beginning on the date that is 18 months after the date of enactment of the Balanced Immigration Reform Act of 2025. "(4) CIVIL PENALTIES.-- "(A) IN GENERAL.--Any person or entity that fails to comply with the requirements of this subsection shall be subject to a civil penalty of $50,000 for each individual with respect to whom such failure occurred, for each 12-month period during which the violation continues. "(B) SEPARATE VIOLATIONS.--For purposes of this paragraph, each individual with respect to whom a violation occurs shall constitute a separate violation. "(C) GOOD FAITH EXCEPTION.--No penalty shall be imposed under this paragraph if the person or entity demonstrates that it made a good faith effort to comply with the requirements of this subsection, including by showing that any failure was due to technical difficulties with the E-Verify system that were beyond the control of the person or entity. "(5) ENFORCEMENT.-- "(A) INVESTIGATIONS.--The Secretary of Homeland Security shall investigate complaints of violations of this subsection and may conduct random audits to ensure compliance. "(B) NOTICE AND OPPORTUNITY TO CORRECT.--Before imposing a civil penalty under paragraph (4), the Secretary shall provide the person or entity with written notice of the violation and an opportunity to correct the violation within 30 days. "(C) HEARING.--Any person or entity against whom a civil penalty is assessed under paragraph (4) may request a hearing before an administrative law judge in accordance with section 274A(e)(3). "(6) PROTECTION OF EMPLOYEE RIGHTS.--Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to authorize any person or entity to-- "(A) require an employee or prospective employee to provide specific documents from the lists in subsection (b)(1)(B) based on the employee's citizenship status or national origin; "(B) refuse to honor documents that reasonably appear to be genuine and relate to the individual presenting them; or "(C) discriminate against any individual in violation of section 274B. "(7) SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS.--The Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Commissioner of Social Security, shall-- "(A) ensure that the employment eligibility verification system has sufficient capacity and reliability to handle the increased volume of verifications required under this subsection; "(B) establish a process for resolving tentative nonconfirmations within 10 business days; "(C) provide technical assistance and training to employers regarding use of the system; and "(D) establish a toll-free telephone hotline and online resources for employers and employees.". (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 274A(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1324a(b)) is amended by adding at the end the following: "The requirements of this subsection are in addition to, and not in lieu of, the requirements of subsection (i).". SECTION 6. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this Act, including-- (1) for the Department of Homeland Security to administer the Long-Term Resident Visa program established under section 4; (2) for the Department of Homeland Security and the Social Security Administration to upgrade and maintain the E-Verify system to handle increased verification volume; and (3) for the Department of Homeland Security to conduct enforcement activities related to the mandatory employment verification requirements under section 5. SECTION 7. REPORTS TO CONGRESS. (a) Initial Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives a report on the implementation of this Act, including-- (1) the number of applications for Long-Term Resident Visas received and approved; (2) the number of employers enrolled in and using the E-Verify system; (3) the number of verifications conducted through the E-Verify system; (4) any challenges encountered in implementing this Act; and (5) recommendations for legislative or administrative action to improve implementation. (b) Annual Reports.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for 5 years, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives a report on-- (1) the number of Long-Term Resident Visas in effect; (2) the number of Long-Term Resident Visas revoked and the reasons for revocation; (3) employer compliance rates with the mandatory employment verification requirements; (4) the number of civil penalties assessed under section 5; (5) the impact of this Act on unauthorized immigration; and (6) the economic impact of this Act, including effects on wages, employment, and tax revenues. SECTION 8. SEVERABILITY. If any provision of this Act, or the application of such provision to any person or circumstance, is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of this Act, and the application of the provisions of such Act to any person or circumstance, shall not be affected thereby. SECTION 9. EFFECTIVE DATE. Except as otherwise provided in this Act, this Act shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act. ``` ---